ripe
N/A
2025-02-03T12:59:33Z
50
2
82,432
8,589,934,592
| CIDR | Description | IP Num |
|---|---|---|
| 5.42.136.0/22 | NeckarCom1 | 1024 |
| 5.42.140.0/22 | NeckarCom1 | 1024 |
| 31.25.40.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 37.25.48.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 46.182.136.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 62.152.160.0/19 | NetCom BW GmbH | 8192 |
| 83.242.36.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 83.242.40.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 83.242.48.0/20 | NetCom BW GmbH | 4096 |
| 91.103.112.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 93.118.0.0/21 | NETCOM-BW-PPPOE-POOL | 2048 |
| 93.118.8.0/21 | NETCOM-BW-PPPoE-POOL | 2048 |
| 93.118.16.0/21 | NETCOM-BW-PPPoE-POOL | 2048 |
| 93.118.24.0/21 | NETCOM-BW-PPPoE-POOL | 2048 |
| 94.124.208.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 94.176.240.0/20 | NetCom BW GmbH | 4096 |
| 145.14.192.0/20 | NetCom BW GmbH | 4096 |
| 149.249.56.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 153.92.80.0/20 | NetCom BW GmbH | 4096 |
| 171.33.176.0/22 | NeckarCom1 | 1024 |
| 171.33.180.0/22 | NeckarCom1 | 1024 |
| 178.212.90.0/23 | PCK IT Datacenter GmbH | 512 |
| 178.212.94.0/23 | PCK IT Datacenter GmbH | 512 |
| 185.3.80.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 185.7.68.0/24 | NCL-LI-NET | 256 |
| 185.36.120.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 185.61.28.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 185.107.4.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 185.108.230.0/23 | NetCom BW GmbH | 512 |
| 188.93.216.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 188.244.100.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 193.151.4.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 194.76.2.0/24 | Wuerttembergische Gemeinde-Versicherung auf Gegenseitigkeit | 256 |
| 194.76.3.0/24 | Wuerttembergische Gemeinde-Versicherung auf Gegenseitigkeit | 256 |
| 194.76.4.0/24 | Wuerttembergische Gemeinde-Versicherung auf Gegenseitigkeit | 256 |
| 194.76.5.0/24 | Wuerttembergische Gemeinde-Versicherung auf Gegenseitigkeit | 256 |
| 194.76.6.0/24 | Wuerttembergische Gemeinde-Versicherung auf Gegenseitigkeit | 256 |
| 194.76.7.0/24 | Wuerttembergische Gemeinde-Versicherung auf Gegenseitigkeit | 256 |
| 194.76.222.0/24 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider GmbH | 256 |
| 194.140.112.0/20 | NetCom BW GmbH | 4096 |
| 212.86.176.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 212.86.184.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 213.153.68.0/22 | NetCom BW GmbH | 1024 |
| 213.153.76.0/22 | NeckarCom1 | 1024 |
| 213.153.80.0/22 | NeckarCom1 | 1024 |
| 213.153.84.0/22 | NeckarCom1 | 1024 |
| 213.153.88.0/22 | NetComBW-PPPoE | 1024 |
| 213.153.92.0/22 | NeckarCom1 | 1024 |
| 217.66.136.0/21 | NetCom BW GmbH | 2048 |
| 217.78.160.0/20 | NetCom BW GmbH | 4096 |
| CIDR | Description | IP NUMs(prefix /64) |
|---|---|---|
| 2a00:79c0::/32 | NetCom BW GmbH | 4294967296 |
| 2a02:17b0::/32 | NetCom BW GmbH | 4294967296 |
| AS | Description | Country/Region | IPv4 NUMs | IPv6 NUMs | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS13030 | INIT7 - Init7 (Switzerland) Ltd., CH |
|
113,152 | 107,395,481,600 | IPv4  |
IPv6 |
| AS24482 | SGGS-AS-AP - SG.GS, SG |
|
20,992 | 4,294,967,296 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS56630 | MELBICOM-EU-AS - Melbikomas UAB, LT |
|
61,696 | 7,247,757,312 | IPv4 |
 |
| AS47734 | TELECOM-IT-SOLUTIONS-AS - Telecom IT Solutions SRL, RO |
|
256 | 65,536 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS60539 | Huicast_Telecom - Huicast Telecom Limited, HK |
|
768 | 34,376,515,584 | IPv4 |
|
| AS209823 | ENKI-AS - Enki Multimedia EURL, FR |
|
768 | 4,295,360,512 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS52320 | GlobeNet Cabos Submarinos Colombia, S.A.S., CO |
|
4,096 | 8,589,934,592 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS6461 | ZAYO-6461 - Zayo Bandwidth, US |
|
1,662,208 | 17,717,133,312 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS6663 | TTI-NET - Euroweb Romania S.R.L., RO |
|
52,480 | 6,442,450,944 | IPv4 |
|
| AS13058 | serve-u-AS - serve-u - Buchholz und Suenderhauf GbR, DE |
|
2,048 | 34,359,738,368 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS35625 | EUROFIBER-FRANCE - Eurofiber France SAS, FR |
|
29,184 | 103,095,992,320 | IPv4 |
|
| AS41327 | FIBERTELECOM-AS - Fiber Telecom S.p.A., IT |
|
7,168 | 68,719,476,736 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS35280 | F5 - F5 Networks SARL, FR |
|
53,760 | 81,604,378,624 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS37100 | SEACOM-AS - SEACOM Limited, MU |
|
1,072,896 | 17,179,869,184 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS6057 | Administracion Nacional de Telecomunicaciones, UY |
|
2,156,032 | 68,719,607,808 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS6204 | ZET-NET - INTERKVM HOST SRL, RO |
|
768 | 268,435,456 | IPv4 |
|
| AS13237 | LAMBDANET-AS - euNetworks GmbH, DE |
|
570,880 | 107,374,182,400 | IPv4 |
|
| AS28716 | RETELIT-AS - Retelit Digital Services S.p.A., IT |
|
43,520 | 107,374,182,400 | IPv4 |
|
| AS32590 | VALVE-CORPORATION - Valve Corporation, US |
|
12,800 | 2,162,688 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS5713 | SAIX-NET - Telkom SA Ltd., ZA |
|
2,188,288 | 17,600,776,044,544 | IPv4 |
|
| AS29075 | IELO - IELO-LIAZO SERVICES SAS, FR |
|
35,840 | 107,374,182,400 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS34019 | HIVANE - Hivane Association, FR |
|
2,816 | 1,245,184 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS61573 | IP TELECOM, BR |
|
1,024 | 4,294,967,296 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS25091 | IP-Max - IP-Max SA, CH |
|
15,104 | 68,719,607,808 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS49544 | i3Dnet - i3D.net B.V, NL |
|
106,240 | 351,384,436,736 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS57463 | NetIX - NetIX Communications JSC, BG |
|
256 | 0 | IPv4 |
|
| AS6939 | HURRICANE - Hurricane Electric LLC, US |
|
581,888 | 282,627,370,713,088 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS39351 | ESAB-AS - 31173 Services AB, SE |
|
12,032 | 4,312,662,016 | IPv4 |
|
| AS263444 | Open X Tecnologia Ltda, BR |
|
2,304 | 1,879,048,192 | IPv4 |
|
| AS49605 | DTS-AS - Digital Telecommunication Services S.r.l., IT |
|
9,472 | 38,654,705,664 | IPv4 |
|
| AS137409 | GSLNETWORKS-AS-AP - GSL Networks Pty LTD, AU |
|
99,200 | 77,403,586,560 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS8218 | NEO-ASN - Zayo Infrastructure France SA, FR |
|
47,360 | 12,884,967,424 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS15547 | NETPLUS - netplus.ch SA, CH |
|
135,168 | 42,949,672,960 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS31510 | IKB-AS - Innsbrucker Kommunalbetriebe AG, AT |
|
27,904 | 4,294,967,296 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS35360 | GARGUNET - Frederic Gargula, CH |
|
1,024 | 34,359,738,368 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS47147 | AS-ANX - ANEXIA Internetdienstleistungs GmbH, AT |
|
1,536 | 131,072 | IPv4 |
|
| AS58511 | ANYCAST-GLOBAL-BACKBONE - Anycast Holdings Pty Ltd, AU |
|
22,528 | 8,589,934,592 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS9498 | BBIL-AP - Bharti Airtel Limited, IN |
|
2,198,528 | 4,299,161,600 | |
IPv6 |
| AS1299 | TWELVE99 - Arelion Sweden AB, SE |
|
394,752 | 77,326,712,832 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS1764 | NEXTLAYER-AS - Next Layer Telekommunikationsdienstleistungs- und Beratungs GmbH, AT |
|
86,016 | 240,518,430,720 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS6696 | VERIXI - VERIXI SA, BE |
|
83,456 | 8,589,934,592 | IPv4 |
|
| AS12552 | GlobalConnect-AS12552 - GlobalConnect AB, SE |
|
561,920 | 214,749,216,768 | IPv4 |
|
| AS12779 | ITGATE - IT.Gate S.p.A., IT |
|
46,080 | 42,949,804,032 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS20932 | SIG-ST - Services Industriels de Geneve, CH |
|
9,472 | 4,294,967,296 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS48362 | TKSWF-AS - Stadtwerke Feldkirch, AT |
|
7,680 | 4,294,967,296 | IPv4 |
|
| AS559 | Switch, CH |
|
2,184,704 | 176,093,790,208 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS3223 | VOXILITY - Voxility LLP, GB |
|
70,400 | 18,350,080 | IPv4 |
|
| AS37468 | ANGOLA-CABLES - Angola Cables, AO |
|
10,496 | 42,949,672,960 | IPv4 |
|
| AS30844 | LIQUID-AS - Liquid Telecommunications Ltd, GB |
|
368,640 | 38,654,705,664 | |
IPv6 |
| AS7195 | EDGEUNO S.A.S, CO |
|
31,232 | 4,275,109,888 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS8220 | COLT - COLT Technology Services Group Limited, GB |
|
1,496,320 | 25,770,655,744 | IPv4 |
|
| AS14840 | BR.Digital Provider, BR |
|
70,912 | 14,010,220,544 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS47692 | NESSUS - Nessus GmbH, AT |
|
37,120 | 34,359,869,440 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS3320 | DTAG - Deutsche Telekom AG, DE |
|
34,202,368 | 35,343,322,710,016 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS33891 | CORE-BACKBONE - Core-Backbone GmbH, DE |
|
0 | 0 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS39120 | CONVERGENZE-AS - Convergenze S.p.A., IT |
|
43,520 | 17,179,869,184 | IPv4 |
|
| AS56987 | AS-ABACLOUDA - ABACLOUDA SAS, FR |
|
1,024 | 34,359,738,368 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS62275 | NHM - NHM - S.R.L., IT |
|
5,376 | 171,798,691,840 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS9002 | RETN-AS - RETN Limited, GB |
|
38,400 | 4,294,967,296 | |
IPv6 |
| AS174 | COGENT-174 - Cogent Communications, LLC, US |
|
35,906,304 | 185,519,505,408 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS51184 | FONIRA - Fonira Telekom GmbH, AT |
|
13,824 | 111,669,149,696 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS | Description | Country/Region | IPv4 NUMs | IPv6 NUMs | IPv4 | IPv6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS207572 | IWBAD - Stadtwerke Baden-Baden, DE |
|
1,024 | 34,359,738,368 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS210585 | ISO-Chemie - Iso-Chemie GmbH, DE |
|
512 | 0 | IPv4 |
|
| AS31007 | STIHL-AS - Andreas Stihl AG & Co. KG, DE |
|
768 | 0 | IPv4 |
|
| AS41700 | FESTO-AS - Festo Management SE, DE |
|
65,536 | 65,536 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS202462 | MIRO - Mineraloelraffinerie Oberrhein GmbH & Co KG, DE |
|
512 | 65,536 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS207253 | AS_ZEAG - ZEAG Energie AG, DE |
|
8,192 | 0 | IPv4 |
|
| AS211569 | naturenergie - naturenergie holding AG, CH |
|
256 | 34,359,738,368 | |
IPv6 |
| AS30915 | LIEBHERR - Liebherr-IT Services GmbH, DE |
|
1,536 | 4,294,967,296 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS39913 | cloud4you - Manuel Wannemacher, DE |
|
3,072 | 34,359,803,904 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS203865 | OVERTURN - overturn technologies GmbH, DE |
|
3,328 | 12,884,901,888 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS212403 | RBK - Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus GmbH, DE |
|
256 | 65,536 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS47297 | TK-LINDAU - NetCom BW GmbH, DE |
|
13,056 | 34,359,738,368 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS203085 | Widas-AS - Widas Concepts IT Consulting & Services GmbH, DE |
|
256 | 0 | IPv4 |
|
| AS209467 | Remstal-Bote-AS - Druckhaus Waiblingen Remstal-Bote GmbH, DE |
|
256 | 65,536 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS201734 | Camlog-AS - Camlog Management GmbH, DE |
|
256 | 65,536 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS203829 | LEITZ-AS - Leitz GmbH & Co. KG, DE |
|
256 | 65,536 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS206374 | INNEO - INNEO Solutions GmbH, DE |
|
512 | 2,147,483,648 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS209081 | HUGO-BOSS-AS - HUGO BOSS AG, DE |
|
512 | 0 | IPv4 |
|
| AS15698 | ENBW-AG - EnBW Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG, DE |
|
2,048 | 4,294,967,296 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS51417 | TBITS-NET-AS - TBits.net GmbH, DE |
|
3,072 | 4,294,967,296 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS199963 | europapark-as - Mack International GmbH trading as Europa-Park GmbH & Co Mack KG, DE |
|
256 | 0 | IPv4 |
|
| AS200638 | jh-computers-as - JH-Computers GmbH, DE |
|
512 | 34,359,738,368 | IPv4 |
IPv6 |
| AS214289 | ZfP - e.-business GmbH, DE |
|
256 | 0 | IPv4 |
|
as-block: AS40960 - AS42171 descr: RIPE NCC ASN block remarks: These AS Numbers are assigned to network operators in the RIPE NCC service region. mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT created: 2024-07-22T14:14:32Z last-modified: 2024-07-22T14:14:32Z source: RIPE aut-num: AS41998 as-name: NetComBW-AS org: ORG-OTG1-RIPE import: from AS6805 accept any import: from AS30915 accept AS30915 import: from AS29252 accept any import: from AS1299 accept any import: from AS20855 accept AS20855 import: from AS174 accept any import: from AS21161 accept any import: from AS8220 accept any import: from AS41700 accept AS41700 import: from AS39913 accept AS39913 import: from AS206374 accept AS206374 import: from AS15698 accept AS15698 import: from AS207253 accept AS207253 import: from AS203865 accept AS203865 import: from AS203085 accept AS203085 import: from AS203829 accept AS203829 import: from AS202355 accept AS202355 import: from AS201734 accept AS201734 import: from AS209044 accept AS209044 import: from AS210259 accept AS210259 import: from AS209467 accept AS209467 import: from AS209081 accept AS209081 import: from AS207572 accept AS207572 import: from AS31007 accept AS31007 import: from AS211737 accept AS211737 import: from AS208887 accept AS208887 import: from AS211569 accept AS211569 import: from AS212403 accept AS212403 import: from AS210585 accept AS210585 import: from AS213273 accept AS213273 import: from AS200638 accept AS200638 import: from AS47297 accept AS47297 import: from AS199963 accept AS199963 import: from AS51417 accept AS51417 import: from AS47297 accept AS-TKLINDAU import: from AS214289 accept AS214289 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS30915 accept AS30915 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS29252 accept any mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS1299 accept any mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS174 accept any mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS8220 accept any mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS41700 accept AS41700 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS21161 accept AS21161 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS39913 accept AS39913 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS206374 accept AS206374 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS207253 accept AS207253 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS203085 accept AS203085 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS203829 accept AS203829 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS209044 accept AS209044 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS202355 accept AS202355 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS201734 accept AS201734 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS210259 accept AS210259 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS209467 accept AS209467 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS209081 accept AS209081 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS31007 accept AS31007 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS211737 accept AS211737 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS208887 accept AS208887 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS211569 accept AS211569 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS212403 accept AS212403 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS210585 accept AS210585 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS213273 accept AS213273 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS200638 accept AS200638 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS47297 accept AS-TKLINDAU mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS199963 accept AS199963 mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS51417 accept AS51417 export: to AS6805 announce AS-NC1 export: to AS30915 announce any export: to AS29252 announce AS-NC1 export: to AS1299 announce AS-NC1 export: to AS203865 announce any export: to AS20855 announce any export: to AS174 announce AS-NC1 export: to AS41700 announce any export: to AS21161 announce any export: to AS8220 announce AS-NC1 export: to AS39913 announce any export: to AS206374 announce any export: to AS15698 announce AS-NC1 export: to AS207253 announce any export: to AS203085 announce any export: to AS203829 announce any export: to AS202355 announce any export: to AS201734 announce any export: to AS210259 announce any export: to AS209467 announce any export: to AS209081 announce any export: to AS209044 announce any export: to AS207572 announce any export: to AS31007 announce any export: to AS211737 announce any export: to AS208887 announce any export: to AS211569 announce any export: to AS212403 announce any export: to AS210585 announce any export: to AS200638 announce any export: to AS213273 announce any export: to AS47297 announce any export: to AS199963 announce any export: to AS51417 announce any export: to AS214289 announce any mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS30915 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS29252 announce AS-NC1 mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS1299 announce AS-NC1 mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS174 announce AS-NC1 mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS8220 announce AS-NC1 mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS41700 announce any mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS21161 announce any mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS39913 announce any mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS206374 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS207253 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS203085 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS203829 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS202355 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS201734 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS210259 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS209467 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS209081 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS209044 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS31007 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS211737 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS208887 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS211569 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS212403 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS210585 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS200638 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS213273 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS47297 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS199963 announce ANY mp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS51417 announce ANY admin-c: TSG73479-RIPE tech-c: TSG73479-RIPE status: ASSIGNED mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-END-MNT mnt-by: ODR-TKG-MNT created: 2006-11-30T13:45:25Z last-modified: 2025-02-03T12:59:33Z source: RIPE organisation: ORG-OTG1-RIPE org-name: NetCom BW GmbH country: DE org-type: LIR address: Unterer Brühl 2 address: 73479 address: Ellwangen address: GERMANY phone: +49 711 289-20710 e-mail: [email protected] admin-c: SW4723-RIPE tech-c: SW4723-RIPE tech-c: TH3886-RIPE tech-c: JG7658-RIPE abuse-c: TSG73479-RIPE mnt-ref: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT mnt-ref: ODR-TKG-MNT mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT mnt-by: ODR-TKG-MNT created: 2004-04-17T11:10:58Z last-modified: 2023-03-16T12:29:20Z source: RIPE role: NetCom BW abuse-mailbox: [email protected] address: NetCom BW address: Unterer Bruehl 2 address: 73479 Ellwangen e-mail: [email protected] admin-c: SW4723-RIPE tech-c: TH3886-RIPE tech-c: JG7658-RIPE tech-c: FH5708-RIPE tech-c: SR15412-RIPE nic-hdl: TSG73479-RIPE mnt-by: ODR-TKG-MNT created: 2011-07-21T09:14:28Z last-modified: 2021-10-27T05:02:31Z source: RIPE